食物碗与听诊器图标

治疗性营养

关于具有营养敏感健康状况的猫犬的需求的实用信息。

胃肠道疾病

猫慢性肠病

慢性肠病是指临床症状持续超过 3 周的胃肠道 (GI) 疾病,并且没有已发现的肠道病原体、寄生虫、非胃肠道疾病(例如肾脏疾病、甲状腺功能亢进)、持续的异物和/或毒素暴露,或肿瘤。1─4 猫慢性肠病包括食物反应性肠病(包括食物过敏和食物不耐受)、抗生素反应性肠病、免疫抑制剂反应性肠病(即类固醇反应性肠病或炎症性肠病),以及消化性小细胞淋巴瘤。3,5─7

患有 慢性肠病 的猫(无论最终诊断结论如何)可能会合并出现任何多种胃肠道症状3,5,8,9 慢性肠病患猫最常见的临床症状是体重减轻,其次是呕吐、食欲变化和腹泻。3,4,9─11食物反应性肠病(详见其他专题)患猫可能更常以腹泻为主诉症状。5,9,12

调整饮食可作为管理慢性肠病患猫的首要措施。营养干预应提供充足的营养素,以满足猫的营养要求,经胃肠道弥补任何营养损失,并帮助管理临床症状。

猫胃肠图标
你知道吗?

腹泻是犬13,14 和人类15 慢性肠病的主要临床症状,但在猫中不太常见。体重减轻、食欲减退和呕吐是猫慢性肠病的主要临床症状。3,4

重要信息


  • 管理慢性肠病患猫的常见营养策略包括饮食调整、补充维生素 B12(如有需要)和给予益生菌,以帮助解决菌群失调问题并减轻黏膜炎症。3,7 
  • 慢性肠病患猫应喂食极易消化、适口性强、高蛋白配方粮,以最大程度地减少瘦体重流失,解决宏量营养素(例如蛋白质、脂肪或碳水化合物)的消化和/或吸收功能受损以及菌群失调问题。 
    • 与犬不同,大多数慢性肠病患猫不需要限制饮食脂肪摄入。16 
    • 市售治疗性胃肠道饮食经证实可有效管理猫的慢性胃肠道症状。16─18 
    • 对于某些类型的慢性肠病患猫,也可推荐使用水解蛋白质或新型蛋白质成分的饮食,因为人们怀疑食物性抗原在胃肠道炎症中有一定的作用。5 
  • 在慢性肠病患猫中,钴胺素(维生素 B12)缺乏已得到充分证实,尽管在猫饮食中富含此类维生素。19─21 如果经检测显示缺乏维生素 B12,则应经胃肠外或口服途径予以补充。3 
  • 益生菌(特别是那些经证明可调节免疫系统或具有抗炎特性的益生菌)对某些慢性肠病患猫有益,可纳入多模式治疗方法中。7 
    • 慢性肠病患猫表现出与人类 IBD 患者相似的肠道菌群失调模式,但需要进行深入研究。22,23  
    • 益生菌可对胃肠道功能产生积极影响。由于不同益生菌株对宿主的影响各不相同,因此应根据预期目标选择特定益生菌。 
  • 最初,慢性肠病患猫可受益于少食多餐的投喂方式(例如,每天 3 至 6 餐)。少食多餐有助于促进营养吸收并最大程度地减轻胃肠道不良反应。
对话启动器

“体重减轻、食欲变化、呕吐和/或腹泻是猫胃肠道疾病的常见症状,但也可能由与消化系统无关的其他疾病引起。除了我推荐的诊断测试外,我还建议开始为[猫的名字]提供特殊饮食,以确定[猫的名字]是否可能存在食物过敏或食物不耐受问题。喂养这种特殊饮食可帮助您的爱猫恢复正常,或者帮助我们了解是否需要用药或者进行额外的检测。”

与宠物主人分享:

如何鼓励挑食的宠物进食

宠物挑食、挑剔或者对食物不感兴趣是颇具挑战性的难题。

查看简介 1 分钟至 5 分钟

猫身体状况系统表

Purina 猫身体状况评分系统的视觉辅助工具。

查看工具 1 分钟至 5 分钟

更换宠物食品 - 猫

逐渐过渡到新的饮食可以最大程度地降低肠胃不适的风险。

查看简介 1 分钟至 5 分钟

参考文献

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  2. Ganz, H., Kingsbury, D., & Dahlhausen, K. E. (2021, March 31). A new framework for chronic GI disease in dogs and cats. IVC Journal, 11. Available online at https://ivcjournal.com/chronic-enteropathy-chronic-gi-disease-dogs-cats 
  3. Jergens, A. E. (2012). Feline idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease: What we know and what remains to be unraveled. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 14(7), 445─458. doi: 10.1177/1098612X12451548 
  4. Jergens, A. E., Crandell, J. M., Evans, R., Ackermann, M., Miles, K. G., & Wang, C. (2010). A clinical index for disease activity in cats with chronic enteropathy. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 24(5), 1027─1033. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0549.x 
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