Cardiac Disease in Dogs: Clinical Signs and Nutritional Approaches
Introduction
Cardiac disease is a significant concern in canine health, affecting an estimated 10% of dogs, with the prevalence increasing with age and in breeds predisposed to cardiac conditions. Many dogs remain asymptomatic in the early stages of the disease, underscoring the importance of early identification and accurate staging for timely intervention and improved outcomes. Additionally, nutritional strategies are increasingly recognized for their role in supporting cardiac health throughout the progression of the disease.
Explore more on Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs.
Clinical Signs of Cardiac Disease in Dogs
Clinical signs typically emerge as the disease progresses toward heart failure. These may include:
- Persistent coughing
- Difficulty breathing (tachypnea or dyspnea)
- Lethargy or exercise intolerance
- Syncope or fainting
- Fluid accumulation (ascites or pulmonary edema)
- Weight loss or cardiac cachexia
Advanced diagnostics, such as auscultation, radiography, echocardiography, and NTproBNP biomarker testing, can confirm the presence and severity of heart disease.
Nutritional approaches to cardiac health
Nutrition is critical in supporting cardiac function for dogs diagnosed with heart conditions. Specific nutrients, including fatty acids, medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), amino acids, Vitamin E, and Magnesium, play a key role in supporting heart function. Read more about Nutrition and Heart Health. Incorporating a nutritional assessment during each veterinary examination is recommended to identify nutritional strategies that may improve outcomes.
When heart failure develops, current nutritional recommendations focus on correcting nutrient deficiencies, managing clinical signs, and maintaining adequate caloric and protein intake to preserve lean body mass and avoid cachexia. Some of the nutritional recommendations for dogs with congestive heart failure include:
- Moderating sodium restriction
- Supplementing with omega-3 fatty acids (e.g., DHA and EPA)
- Monitoring potassium and magnesium levels
- Maintaining protein and calorie intake to avoid weight loss
- Supplementing with antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E
To learn more about how tailored nutrition and veterinary care can improve the quality of life for dogs living with heart conditions, check out our case study featuring Benny.