FOCUSED NUTRITION
Introducing the Purina Institute Handbook of Canine and Feline Clinical Nutrition
- Provides practical tips and tools to help busy veterinary teams incorporate nutrition into the management of common conditions
- Helps facilitate nutrition conversations with owners of dogs and cats with acute and chronic health conditions
- Written by over 40 global experts in veterinary nutrition, internal medicine, cardiology, dermatology, emergency and critical care, and more
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Cardiac disease is one of the most common disorders in dogs and cats.
Studies report that approximately 10% of dogs and 15% of cats have cardiac disease. The majority of cats suffer from cardiomyopathies. In dogs, the smaller breeds are most likely to have myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) while larger breeds tend to develop dilated cardiomyopathy.1–4
Despite having heart disease, cats and dogs often appear healthy until their heart is failing. The early stages of disease may go undetected unless pets get diagnosed during a veterinary exam scheduled for a non-cardiac reason.1, 5, 6
The American College of Internal Veterinary Medicine (ACVIM) identifies four stages of heart disease in cats with cardiomyopathy or dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Each stage is based on clinical and echocardiographic exams, and then linked with treatment targeted at managing clinical signs. Accurately identifying the stage of heart disease is important for treatment and prognosis.1, 7
Heart failure refers to the clinical signs that develop when the heart can no longer pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. Once congestive heart failure (CHF) develops, pets have a significantly shortened life span.4, 8, 9
Read on to learn about research that may help veterinarians better predict heart disease progression or find new roles for nutrients in pets with heart disease.
Explore CentreSquare from the Purina Institute – a toolkit of resources that facilitates client-friendly pet nutrition conversations. Whether you have 5 minutes or 30 minutes, you will find something helpful and relevant on CentreSquare.
Discover the crucial role that microbiomes play in maintaining pet health on the Microbiome Forum and learn about the many facets of microbiome science in a clinically relevant context.
Unlock the science of nutrition to help pets live better, longer lives. Novel discoveries about the molecular-level impact of nutrients have helped reimagine the ways nutrition can impact and improve pet health.
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Cardiac Conditions
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Key Messages
| TRANSFORMING HEART HEALTH | ADVANCING BRAIN HEALTH | EXTENDING A HEALTHY LIFE |
| PROMOTING GASTROINTESTINAL HEALTH | NEUTRALIZING ALLERGENS | EXPLORING MOLECULAR NUTRITION |
| MANAGING A HEALTHY WEIGHT | ||
Science of Nutrition
| TRANSFORMING HEART HEALTH | ADVANCING BRAIN HEALTH | EXTENDING A HEALTHY LIFE |
| PROMOTING GASTROINTESTINAL HEALTH | NEUTRALIZING ALLERGENS | EXPLORING MOLECULAR NUTRITION |
| MANAGING A HEALTHY WEIGHT | ||
- No single diet or approach to dietary management of chronic enteropathy works for all dogs, even when choosing a food for a diet elimination trial.4,7─9
- Identifying the intestinal origin of diarrhea as small or large bowel or mixed can help guide selection of an appropriate diet.
- Dietary strategies commonly used in general veterinary practices include:4,5,8,10─13
- hydrolyzed or novel protein diets, especially if food allergies or intolerance are suspected
- highly digestible, low-residue (i.e., low fiber) diets
- fiber-enhanced diets if fiber-responsive large bowel diarrhea is suspected
- Exclusive feeding of the recommended diet is essential to diagnosing and managing dogs with food-responsive enteropathy, especially if the underlying cause is food allergy or intolerance.
- Although improvement in dermatological signs often requires a diet elimination trial lasting 8 weeks or longer, improvement in gastrointestinal signs may be seen within 1 to 4 weeks.1,4
- Dogs who respond positively to a hydrolyzed or novel protein diet within the first 4 weeks of a diet trial are categorized as having food-responsive enteropathy.
- Not all dogs with food-responsive enteropathy will respond to a particular food within 1 to 4 weeks. If no response occurs during the initial dietary trial, a second dietary trial that uses a different nutritional approach may be beneficial before considering an antibiotic trial or intestinal biopsies.14
- Studies have shown, following 12 to 14 weeks of feeding an elimination diet after diagnosis, many dogs with food-responsive enteropathy could be gradually transitioned back to their original diet without recurrence of clinical signs.4,5
- Following resolution of clinical signs, some owners may decline to perform the challenge phase of an elimination diet trial to confirm the presence of a food allergy or intolerance. These dogs should be continued on dietary therapy for maintenance of their food-responsive condition.
- Dogs whose clinical signs resolve during an elimination diet trial and relapse upon challenge with the original diet (or its components) should be continued on dietary therapy for maintenance of their food-responsive condition.
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Learn more about how this novel nutritional intervention can transform the management of heart disease in dogs with early stage MMVD
"Knowing that there’s science behind your nutrition recommendations – you’re not just recommending a brand – helps build trust and explains to clients why you might be changing a diet.”
– Caroline Mansfield BSc, BVMS, MVM, PhD, MANZCVS, DECVIM-CA
Backed by science
The Purina Institute partners with hundreds of the world’s most respected animal scientists, nutritionists and thought leaders – who are pioneering the latest science and unearthing powerful breakthroughs – to unlock the power of nutrition science to help pets live better, longer lives.
FOCUSED NUTRITION
Easily Accessible Resources
Explore CentreSquare® from the Purina Institute – a toolkit of resources that facilitates client-friendly pet nutrition conversations. Whether you have 5 minutes or 30 minutes, you will find something helpful and relevant on CentreSquare®.
MER Calculator for Dogs
Using your patient’s age group with current weight and body condition score, this feeding calculator will provide estimated daily caloric needs to reach or maintain ideal body condition.
DIGEST VOLUME 6
Learn about ways food preferences can develop, strategies to improve appetite in hospitalized patients, and how behavioral medicine can influence food consumption in dogs and cats at home.
Nutrition for Pregnant and Lactating Cats and Their Nursing Kittens
Nutrition plays a critical role in successful feline reproduction and in supporting development and growth of healthy kittens before and after birth.
Raw Food Diets
Raw food diets are popular with pet owners but the nutritional benefits are unproven, and most are unaware of the health risks that raw food can pose to pets — and people.